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      <h1 id="spring容器">Spring容器</h1>
<h2 id="bean作用域生命周期">Bean作用域、生命周期</h2>
<h3 id="作用域">作用域</h3>
<p>Bean的作用域有：singleton、prototype、request、session、global session。默认是singleton。</p>
<p>可以通过scope属性指定作用域：</p>
<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
<h3 id="生命周期">生命周期</h3>
<p>Spring<strong>只管理singleton作用域</strong>的bean的生命周期。<strong>不能管理prototype作用域</strong>的bean。</p>
<p>对于 prototype 作用域的 Bean，Spring 只负责创建。每次客户端请求 prototype 域的 Bean 时，Spring 都产生一个新的实例，Spring 无从知道创建了多少个，不追踪它的生命周期。</p>
<p>对于 singleton 作用域的 Bean，管理生命周期的时机有二：</p>
<ul>
<li>注入依赖关系之后</li>
<li>即将销毁Bean之前</li>
</ul>
<p>注：init-method与@PostConstruct注释等同；destory-method与@PreDestroy注释等同。</p>
<h4 id="注入依赖关系之后">注入依赖关系之后</h4>
<p>注入依赖关系之后，有两种方法管理初始化：</p>
<ul>
<li>使用init-method属性（在xml中）；</li>
<li>实现InitializingBean接口，重写该接口的afterPropertiesSet()方法。</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<pre><code>public interface Person{
	public void useAxe();
}
</code></pre>
<pre><code>public interface Axe{
	public String chop();
}
</code></pre>
<pre><code>public class Chinese implements Person,InitializingBean,BeanNameAware, ApplicationContextAware
{
	private Axe axe;
	
	public void setBeanName(String beanName){
		System.out.println(&quot;===setBeanName===&quot;);
	}
	
	public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext ctx){
		System.out.println(&quot;===setApplicationContext===&quot;);
	}
	
	public Chinese(){
		System.out.println(&quot;Spring实例化主调bean：Chinese实例...&quot;);
	}
	
	public void setAxe(Axe axe){
		System.out.println(&quot;Spring调用setAxe()执行依赖注入...&quot;);
		this.axe = axe;
	}
	
	public void useAxe(){
		System.out.println(axe.chop());
	}
	
	// 测试用的初始化方法
	public void init()	{
		System.out.println(&quot;正在执行初始化方法 init...&quot;);
	}
	
	// 实现InitializingBean接口必须实现的方法
	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception{
		System.out.println(&quot;正在执行初始化方法 afterPropertiesSet...&quot;);
	}
}
</code></pre>
<pre><code>public class SteelAxe implements Axe{

	public SteelAxe()	{
		System.out.println(&quot;Spring实例化依赖bean：SteelAxe实例...&quot;);
	}
	
	public String chop(){
		return &quot;钢斧砍柴真快&quot;;
	}
}
</code></pre>
<pre><code>&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;GBK&quot;?&gt;
&lt;beans xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;
	xmlns=&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;
	xsi:schemaLocation=&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd&quot;&gt;
	
	&lt;bean id=&quot;steelAxe&quot; class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.SteelAxe&quot;/&gt;
	
	&lt;bean id=&quot;chinese&quot; class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.Chinese&quot; init-method=&quot;init&quot;&gt;
		&lt;property name=&quot;axe&quot; ref=&quot;steelAxe&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;/bean&gt;
&lt;/beans&gt;
</code></pre>
<pre><code>public class BeanTest{

	public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
		ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(&quot;beans.xml&quot;);
		Person p = ctx.getBean(&quot;chinese&quot; , Person.class);
		p.useAxe();
	}
}
</code></pre>
<p>上面的示例中的Chinese.java同时实现了InitializingBean、BeanNameAware、ApplicationContextAware接口，可以看到容器在创建Bean实例、调用setter方法执行依赖注入、执行完setBeanName()、setApplicationContext()方法之后，自动执行Bean的初始化行为（包括init-method指定的方法和afterPropertiesSet()方法）。</p>
<p>如果既配置了init-method，又实现了InitializingBean接口，则Spring先调用afterPropertiesSet()，再调用init-method属性指定的方法进行初始化。</p>
<p>通常没有必要这样做。因实现InitializingBean接口污染了代码，是侵入式的，建议使用init-method方法方式。</p>
<h4 id="即将销毁bean之前">即将销毁Bean之前</h4>
<p>即将销毁Bean之前，有两种方法：</p>
<ul>
<li>使用destroy-method属性；</li>
<li>实现DisposableBean接口，重写destroy()方法。</li>
</ul>
<p>实现DisposableBean接口污染了代码，一般建议使用destroy-method属性方式。</p>
<p>问题：Spring什么时候创建Bean？</p>
<h4 id="所有bean生命周期">所有bean生命周期？？？</h4>
<p>对&lt;beans&hellip;/&gt;设置defalut-init-method属性和default-destroy-method属性，它们将使容器中的所有Bean生效。（注意：是beans元素，不是bean元素）</p>
<p>对应哪个类中的方法呢？？？？？？？</p>
<p>（这种情况下如果bean有对应的方法则会执行对应的初始化和销毁方法）</p>
<p>参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/moonlightpoet/p/5537284.html</p>
<h2 id="基于xml-schema的简化配置方式">基于XML Schema的简化配置方式</h2>
<h3 id="p命名空间">p:命名空间</h3>
<p>目的是为了简化设值注入（简化属性property的书写）。</p>
<p>1、首先要引入p:命名空间：xmlns:p=&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/p&rdquo;。</p>
<p>2、对于引用类型，可以使用“p:属性名-ref”，如：p:axe-ref=&quot;stoneAxe&rdquo;。</p>
<p>以前的写法：</p>
<pre><code>&lt;bean id=&quot;chinese&quot; class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.Chinese&quot;&gt;
	&lt;property name=&quot;axe&quot; ref=&quot;stoneAxe&quot;&gt;&lt;/property&gt;
	&lt;property name=&quot;age&quot; value=&quot;29&quot;&gt;&lt;/property&gt;
&lt;/bean&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>现在的写法：</p>
<pre><code>&lt;bean p:axe-ref=&quot;stoneAxe&quot; p:age=&quot;29&quot; class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.Chinese&quot; id=&quot;chinese&quot;/&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="c命名空间">c:命名空间</h3>
<p>目的是为了简化构造注入（简化属性constructor的书写）。</p>
<p>1、首先要引入c:命名空间：xmlns:c=&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/c&rdquo;。</p>
<p>2、对于引用类型，可以使用“c:属性名-ref”，如：c:axe-ref=&quot;stoneAxe&rdquo;。</p>
<p>以前的写法：</p>
<pre><code>&lt;bean id=&quot;chinese&quot; class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.Chinese&quot;&gt;
	&lt;constructor-arg ref=&quot;steelAxe&quot; type=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.SteelAxe&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;constructor-arg name=&quot;age&quot; value=&quot;29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/bean&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>现在的写法：</p>
<pre><code>&lt;bean id=&quot;chinese&quot; class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.Chinese&quot; c:axe-ref=&quot;steelAxe&quot; c:age=&quot;29&quot;/&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="util命名空间">util:命名空间</h3>
<p>引入命名空间：</p>
<pre><code>xmlns:util=&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/util&quot;
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
</code></pre>
<p>util Schema提供了如下几个元素：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>constant：用于获取指定类的静态Field的值。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>property-path：用于获取指定对象的getter方法的返回值。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>list：用于定义一个List Bean，支持使用&lt;value&hellip;/&gt;、&lt;ref&hellip;/&gt;、&lt;bean&hellip;/&gt;等子元素来定义List集合元素。该标签支持如下三个属性：</p>
<ul>
<li>id：指定一个id名。</li>
<li>list-class：使用哪个List实现类来创建Bean。默认ArrayList。</li>
<li>scope：指定该List Bean实例的作用域。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>set：用于定义一个Set Bean，支持使用&lt;value&hellip;/&gt;、&lt;ref&hellip;/&gt;、&lt;bean&hellip;/&gt;等子元素来定义Set集合元素。该标签支持如下三个属性：</p>
<ul>
<li>id：指定一个id名。</li>
<li>list-class：使用哪个Set实现类来创建Bean。默认HashSet。</li>
<li>scope：指定实例的作用域。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>map：用于定义一个Map Bean，支持使用&lt;entry&hellip;/&gt;来定义Map的key-value对。该标签支持如下三个属性：</p>
<ul>
<li>id：指定一个id名。</li>
<li>list-class：使用哪个Map实现类来创建Bean。默认HashMap。</li>
<li>scope：指定实例的作用域。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>property：用于加载一分资源文件，并根据加载的资源文件创建一个Properties Bean实例。该标签支持如下三个属性：</p>
<ul>
<li>id：指定一个id名。</li>
<li>location：指定资源文件位置。</li>
<li>scope：指定该实例的作用域。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<pre><code>public class Chinese implements Person{
	private Axe axe;
	private int age;
	private List schools;
	private Map scores;
	private Set axes;

	// 此处省略了字段的setter方法

	// 实现Person接口的useAxe()方法
	public void useAxe(){
		System.out.println(axe.chop());
		System.out.println(&quot;age属性值：&quot; + age);
		System.out.println(schools);
		System.out.println(scores);
		System.out.println(axes);
	}
}
</code></pre>
<pre><code>&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;GBK&quot;?&gt;
&lt;beans xmlns=&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;
	xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;
	xmlns:p=&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/p&quot;
	xmlns:util=&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/util&quot;
	xsi:schemaLocation=&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd&quot;&gt;
	
	&lt;bean id=&quot;chinese&quot; class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.Chinese&quot;
		p:age-ref=&quot;chin.age&quot; p:axe-ref=&quot;stoneAxe&quot;
		p:schools-ref=&quot;chin.schools&quot;
		p:axes-ref=&quot;chin.axes&quot;
		p:scores-ref=&quot;chin.scores&quot;/&gt;
	
	&lt;util:constant id=&quot;chin.age&quot; static-field=&quot;java.sql.Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE&quot;/&gt;
	
	&lt;util:properties id=&quot;confTest&quot; location=&quot;classpath:test_zh_CN.properties&quot;/&gt;
	
	&lt;util:list id=&quot;chin.schools&quot; list-class=&quot;java.util.LinkedList&quot;&gt;
		&lt;value&gt;小学&lt;/value&gt;
		&lt;value&gt;中学&lt;/value&gt;
		&lt;value&gt;大学&lt;/value&gt;
	&lt;/util:list&gt;
	
	&lt;util:set id=&quot;chin.axes&quot; set-class=&quot;java.util.HashSet&quot;&gt;
		&lt;value&gt;字符串&lt;/value&gt;
		&lt;bean class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.SteelAxe&quot;/&gt;
		&lt;ref bean=&quot;stoneAxe&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;/util:set&gt;
	
	&lt;util:map id=&quot;chin.scores&quot; map-class=&quot;java.util.TreeMap&quot;&gt;
		&lt;entry key=&quot;数学&quot; value=&quot;87&quot;/&gt;
		&lt;entry key=&quot;英语&quot; value=&quot;89&quot;/&gt;
		&lt;entry key=&quot;语文&quot; value=&quot;82&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;/util:map&gt;

	&lt;bean id=&quot;steelAxe&quot; class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.SteelAxe&quot;/&gt;

	&lt;bean id=&quot;stoneAxe&quot; class=&quot;org.crazyit.app.service.impl.StoneAxe&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/beans&gt;
</code></pre>
<pre><code>public class BeanTest{
	public static void main(String[] args){

		ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(&quot;beans.xml&quot;);
		Person p = ctx.getBean(&quot;chinese&quot; , Person.class);
		p.useAxe();
		System.out.println(ctx.getBean(&quot;confTest&quot;));
	}
}
</code></pre>

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